A novel app mutation associated with an unusual alzheimer's...

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 12 – N

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C12N 15/12 (2006.01) A01K 67/027 (2006.01) C07K 14/47 (2006.01) C12N 1/21 (2006.01) C12N 5/10 (2006.01) C12N 15/85 (2006.01) G01N 33/50 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2412925

The invention relates to the field of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In particular, the invention provides a novel mutation (T714I) identified in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP714, which leads to a very aggressive form of AD. The mutation involves the 43rd codon of the amyloid .beta. peptide (A.beta.) corresponding to the putative gamma 42-secretase cleavage site. The novel mutation alters both A.beta.40 and A.beta.42 secretion elevating the A.beta.42/A.beta.40 ratio by 10-fold in vitro. Furthermore, the main amyloid plaque pathology in brains of these patients is of the diffuse 'pre-amyloid' type composed primarily of N-truncated A.beta.42. Dense-cored plaques although not absent, were significantly reduced. Also, the usual sites in brain where A.beta.40 is predominantly deposited, for instance, in vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or senile plaque cores, were composed entirely of A.beta.42 form. Together, these indicate that deposition of N-truncated A.beta.42 in one of the earliest amyloid deposited in brain, the diffuse plaques, is fully competent of inciting AD either through the well-established 'amyloid cascade' or by a yet unknown mechanism(s).

L'invention concerne la maladie d'Alzheimer (AD) et la nouvelle mutation (T714I) identifiée dans la protéine de précurseur amyloïde (APP), APP714, en particulier, qui entraîne une forme très agressive de AD. La mutation implique le 43e codon du peptide (A.szlig.) amyloïde .szlig. correspondant au site de restriction de sécrétase gamma 42 putatif. Cette nouvelle mutation modifie à la fois les sécrétions A.szlig.40 et A.szlig.42, élevant ainsi le taux de A.szlig.42/A.szlig.40 de 10 plis in vitro. De plus, la principale pathologie de plaque amyloïde affectant les cerveaux de ces patients est du type <= pré-amyloïde >=diffus composé essentiellement de A.szlig.42 N-tronqué. Les plaques à coeur dense, même si elles restent présentes, sont en revanche considérablement réduites. De même, les sites habituels du cerveau dans lesquels A.szlig.40 se dépose principalement, par exemple, dans les vaisseaux en tant qu'angiopathie amyloïde cérébrale (CAA) ou coeurs de plaques séniles, sont entièrement composés de la forme A.szlig.42. Enfin, ceux-ci indiquent que le dépôt de A.szlig.42 N-tronqué, selon l'un des modes de réalisation de l'amyloïde déposé le plus tôt dans le cerveau, les plaques diffuses, est parfaitement à même d'induire l'AD, soit par le phénomène bien connu de <= cascade amyloïde >=, soit par un ou des mécanisme(s) encore inconnu(s).

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