Preparation of lactams from aliphatic...

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 12 – N

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C12N 1/20 (2006.01) C07C 255/19 (2006.01) C07C 255/23 (2006.01) C07D 201/08 (2006.01) C07D 207/26 (2006.01) C07D 207/267 (2006.01) C07D 207/38 (2006.01) C07D 211/76 (2006.01) C07D 211/86 (2006.01) C07D 223/10 (2006.01) C12N 9/78 (2006.01) C12N 9/88 (2006.01) C12P 13/00 (2006.01) C12P 17/10 (2006.01) C12Q 1/34 (2006.01) C12Q 1/527 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2254902

A process for the preparation of five-membered or six-membered ring lactams from aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dinitriles has been developed. In the process an aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dinitrile is first converted to an ammonium salt of an .omega.-nitrilecarboxylic acid in aqueous solution using a catalyst having an aliphatic nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.7) activity, or a combination of nitrile hydratase (EC 4.2.1.84) and amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) activities. The ammonium salt of the .omega.-nitrilecarboxylic acid is then converted directly to the corresponding lactam by hydrogenation in aqueous solution, without isolation of the intermediate .omega.-nitrilecarboxylic acid or .omega.- aminocarboxylic acid. When the aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dinitrile is also unsymmetrically substituted at the .alpha.-carbon atom, the nitrilase produces the .omega.-nitrilecarboxylic acid ammonium salt resulting from hydrolysis of the .omega.-nitrile group with greater than 98 % regioselectivity, thereby producing only one of the two possible lactam products during the subsequent hydrogenation. A heat-treatment process to select for desirable regioselective nitrilase or nitrile hydratase activities while destroying undesirable activities is also provided.

Procédé de préparation de lactames possédant un cycle comportant cinq ou six éléments à partir de .alpha.,.omega. dinitriles aliphatiques. Ce procédé consiste d'abord à convertir un .alpha.,.omega. dinitrile aliphatique en sel d'ammonium d'un acide .omega.-nitrilecarboxylique dans une solution aqueuse au moyen d'un catalyseur possédant une activité de nitrilase aliphatique (EC 3.5.5.7) ou une combinaison d'activités de nitrile hydratase (EC 4.2.1.84) et nitrile amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Le sel d'ammonium de l'acide .omega.-nitrilecarboxylique est ensuite converti directement en lactame correspondant par hydrogénation dans une solution aqueuse, sans isolement de l'acide .omega.-nitrilecarboxylique ou de l'acide .omega.-aminocarboxylique intermédiaires. Quand l'.alpha.,.omega. dinitrile aliphatique est également substitué de façon asymétrique au niveau de l'atome .alpha. de carbone, le nitrilase produit le sel d'ammonium d'acide .omega.-nitrilecarboxylique provenant de l'hydrolyse du groupe .omega.-nitrile présentant une régiosélectivité supérieure à 98 %, ce qui permet d'obtenir seulement un des deux produits de lactame possibles pendant l'hydrogénation consécutive. L'invention concerne également un procédé de traitement thermique permettant de sélectionner des activités régiosélectives souhaitables de nitrilase ou de nitrile hydratase, tout en détruisant les activités indésirables.

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