Distillation method and device, in particular for producing...

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 02 – F

Patent

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C02F 1/14 (2006.01) B01D 1/00 (2006.01) B01D 1/22 (2006.01) B01D 1/30 (2006.01) B01D 3/34 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2528244

The inventive device is embodied in the form of a chamber-oven for diffusing vapour and saturated hot air which circulate in a closed circuit by natural convection. Said device is embodied in the form of a domestic-use solar energy collecting device provided with a greenhouse whose surface is equal to 1 m?2¿ and produces from 50 to 100 litres/day of distilled water. The device comprises a distillation unit arranged between two furnaces (59', 79') in a temperature-controlled container (48'). Said distillation unit comprises 100 flat thin hollow plates having a surface of 20 dm?2¿ by face and an active volume of 200 dm?3¿ . The fine and tensioned walls (54') of said plates are provided with a hydrophilic coating (60') and internal (56') and inter-plate (58') spaces. The lower chimney (59') comprises a greenhouse (118', 119') whose bottom is embodied in the form of an impermeable black layer provided with a thin hydrophilic carpet on the rear part thereof. Saturated hot air at a temperature of 80 ·C enters inside (56') hollow plates from bellow and exits from the top at a temperature of 50 ·C. A high chimney (79') is provided with a monoblock heat exchanger (84') which is transversed by a non-potable water to be distilled which, afterwards is spread warm (40·C) over the hydrophilic coating (60'). During passage through the heat exchanger (84') the air is cooled to 30 ·C and moved down by gravity to the inter-plate spaces (58') and exits therefrom at a temperature of 78 ·C. The distilled water condensed in the plates and by the heat exchanger is collected and removed. Brine is received in the bottom of the inter-plate space and distributed along the thin hydrophilic carpet of the bottom (122') of the greenhouse. An air current passes along said hot carpet is heated and saturated and enters the plates. The brine liquor finally flows in an air-preheating tank (63') which is emptied each morning. The greenhouse can be substituted by a heating tube transversed by a heating fluid or associated with another steam-jet tube. The more powerful chamber-ovens can produce at least 200 m?3¿/day of distilled water for collective consumption. Said invention can be used for salt removal from seawater, co-generating electricity and potable water and for producing food concentrates.

L'appareil de la figure représente symboliquement un alambic à diffusion de vapeur et air chaud saturé, circulant en circuit fermé par convection naturelle. Il est du type solaire familial et, avec une serre de 1 m2, il produit 50 à 100 litres/jour d'eau distillée. Il comprend, dans une enceinte calorifugée (48'), un bloc de distilla~tion installé entre deux cheminées (59'- 79'). Le bloc de distillation comprend 100 plaques creuses minces et planes de 20 dm2 par face et de 200 dm3 de volume actif. Les parois (54') de ces plaques sont fines et tendues et elles sont pourvues d'un revêtement hydrophile (60'). Elles ont un espace intérieur (56') et un espace inter~plaques (58'). La cheminée basse (59') comporte la serre (118'-119') dont le fond (122') est une nappe noire imperméable, pourvue à l'arrière d'un mince tapis hydrophile. L'air chaud saturé à 80~C entre par le bas à l'intérieur (56') des plaques creuses et il en sort par le haut à 50~C. La cheminée haute (79') comporte un échangeur thermique monobloc (84') traversé par l'eau non potable à distiller, qui est ensuite répandue tiède (40~C) en haut des revêtements hydrophiles (60'). En traversant l'échangeur thermique (84'), l'air est refroidi jusqu'à 30~C et il descend par gravité dans les espaces inter-plaques (58') pour en sortir à 78~C. L'eau distillée condensée dans les plaques et sur l'échangeur (84') est recueillie et évacuée. La saumure est recueillie en bas des espaces inter-plaques et répandue sur le tapis hydrophile mince du fond (122') de la serre. Le courant d'air lèche ce tapis chaud, se réchauffe et se sature puis il pénètre dans les plaques. La saumure coule finalement dans un réservoir (63') de préchauffage de l'air, qui est vidé chaque matin. La serre peut être remplacée par un tube de chauffe, traversé par un fluide de chauffage, ou être associée à un autre, du type à jets de vapeur. Des alambics plus puissants peuvent produire au moins 200 m3/jour d'eau distillée et alimenter des collectivités.

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