Fluid extraction

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 22 – B

Patent

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Details

C22B 3/26 (2006.01) B01D 11/02 (2006.01) B01D 11/04 (2006.01) C01F 17/00 (2006.01) C22B 3/16 (2006.01) C22B 3/32 (2006.01) C22B 3/38 (2006.01) C22B 3/44 (2006.01) G21F 9/12 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2191243

A method for extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a fluid solvent, particularly supercritical carbon dioxide, containing a chelating agent is described. The chelating agent forms chelates that are soluble in the fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent comprises a trialkyl phosphate, a trialkyl phosphate, an alkyl-aryl phosphate, a trialkylphosphine oxide, a triarylphosphine oxide, an alkyl-arylphosphine oxide, and mixtures thereof. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste. The method is particularly useful for extracting actinides from acidic solutions, and the process can be aided by the addition of salts, such as nitrate salts, and modifiers, such as water and the lower alkyl alcohols and esters. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.

L'invention a pour objet un procédé pour extraire des espèces métalloïdes et métalliques d'un matériau solide ou liquide en exposant le matériau à un solvant fluide, en particulier, du dioxyde de carbone supercritique, contenant un agent chélateur. L'agent chélateur forme des chélates qui sont solubles dans le fluide pour permettre d'extraire des espèces de ce matériau. Dans des modes de réalisation préférés, le solvant d'extraction est du dioxyde de carbone supercritique et l'agent chélateur comprend un trialkyle phosphate, un triaryle phosphate, un alkyle-aryle phosphate, un oxyde d'alkyle-arylphosphine, et des mélanges de ces derniers. L'invention traite d'un procédé inoffensif pour l'environnement permettant d'extraire les contaminants de déchets industriels. Ce procédé est particulièrement utile pour extraire les actinides de solutions acides, et il peut être renforcé par l'addition de sels, tels que des sels de nitrate, et des agents modifiants, tels que de l'eau et des alcools et esters d'alkyle inférieur. Le chélate et le fluide supercritique peuvent être regénérés, et les espèces contaminantes récupérées pour fournir un procédé efficace et économique.

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