Fluid extraction of metals and/or metalloids

Details Fluid extraction of metals and/or metalloids Fluid extraction of metals and/or metalloids

C - Chemistry, Metallurgy

22

B

C22B 3/26 (2006.01) B01D 11/02 (2006.01) B01D 11/04 (2006.01) C01F 17/00 (2006.01) C22B 3/16 (2006.01) C22B 3/32 (2006.01) C22B 3/38 (2006.01) C22B 3/44 (2006.01) G21F 9/12 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2191227

A method of extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a supercritical fluid sol- vent containing a chelating agent is described. The chelating agent forms chelates that are solu- ble in the supercritical fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred em- bodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent is a fluo- rinated .beta.-diketone. In especially preferred em- bodiments the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the chelating agent com- prises a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate, or a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a tri- alkylphosphine oxide. Although a trialkyl phos- phate can extract lanthanides and actinides from acidic solutions, a binary mixture comprising a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate or a trialkylphosphine oxide tends to enhance the extraction efficiencies for actinides and lan- thanides. The method provides an environmen- tally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste without using acids or bi- ologically harmful solvents. The method is par- ticularly useful for extracting actinides and lan- tanides from acidic solutions. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.

Procédé d'extraction de métaux et de métalloïdes d'un matériau solide ou liquide consistant à le soumettre à un solvant fluide supercritique contenant un chélateur qui forme dans ledit fluide des chélats solubles permettant l'extraction desdits matériaux. On préconise du CO¿2? supercritique comme solvant et comme chélateur de la .beta.-dicétone fluorée, ou mieux, du CO¿2? supercritique comme solvant, et de la .beta.-dicétone fluorée associée à du trialkylphosphate, ou de la .beta.-dicétone fluorée associée à de l'oxyde de trialkylphosphine. Bien que le trialkylphosphate soit à même d'extraire les lanthanides et actinides des solutions acides, une solution binaire de .beta.-dicétone fluorée associée à du trialkylphosphate, ou à de l'oxyde de trialkylphosphine permet d'accroître les rendements d'extraction. Ce procédé constitue un moyen d'extraction de déchets contaminants des rejets industriels peu agressif pour l'environnement puisqu'il n'utilise ni acides, ni solvants préjudiciables sur le plan biologique, et son utilité principale réside dans l'extraction des lanthanides et actinides des solutions acides. Les chélates ainsi que le fluide supercritique peuvent être régénérés et les produits contaminants récupérés, ce qui rend le procédé efficace et économique.

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