E - Fixed Constructions – 21 – F
Patent
E - Fixed Constructions
21
F
E21F 15/00 (2006.01)
Patent
CA 2665410
Formulations are provided for producing structural members or back fill for mine stopes in environments having sub zero temperatures such as permafrost. The formulations having constituents including crushed rock (rockfill), powdered tailings, ice and water in specific ratios with attention to the prescribed gradations of the rockfill and tailings. The tailings, a readily available and very finely divided material, fill the naturally existing voids in the rockfill. The gradation of the rockfill and the bulk density of the rockfill establish the rockfill/tailings ratio, which has been determined to lie between 1 and 3 or from 50/50 to about 75/25 for optimum strength. The ice in the mix design arises from the pre-existing moisture content in the rock and tailings typically 2% to 5% for the rockfill, 8% to 25% for the tailings. Being in a frozen state the ice has the capacity to offset some of the latent heat contained in the liquid water. When sufficient latent heat has not been removed from the frozen backfill prior to placement, the equilibrium temperature of the frozen backfill is moderated to be at or near zero until the latent heat is exhausted from the frozen backfill. The change of state of liquid water to ice on the particle surfaces is the binding mechanism of the system. Vigorous mixing of the water onto the surfaces of the solid materials i.e., total wetting of the constituents is needed. The mixing in the proposed method may accomplished by a combination of spray jets under sufficient pressure to wet deeply into the materials as they fall freely. Mechanical mixing can be achieved by a gravity-driven baffle system, rotating baffles such as an autogenous grinder or nested conveyance systems.
Cluff Daniel Leonardo
Kazakidis Vassilios
Hill & Schumacher
Laurentian University Of Sudbury
LandOfFree
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