Gas detection, identification and elemental and quantitative...

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G01N 27/407 (2006.01) G01N 27/406 (2006.01) G01N 27/409 (2006.01) G01N 30/64 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2164438

A system, an apparatus and a method are provided for measuring the concentration of a sample gas in an oxygen-containing carrier gas, and for analyzing the chemical constitution of an oxygen-containing gas. The system includes two gas detectors, and a flame ionization detector. Each gas detector includes a central, solid electrolyte inner detector tube, the central, solid electrolyte inner detector tube comprising an oxide of a tetravalent metal which has been doped with an oxide of an element having a valence less than four. A first inlet tube into, and a first outlet tube from, the central, solid, electrolyte inner detector tube permits the oxygen- containing gas to flow through the detector tube while substantially eliminating back- diffusion of air into the detector tube. An internal electrode is in contact with the interior of the detector tube, and has a first, electrically-conductive output lead. An external electrode is in contact with the exterior of the detector tube, and has a second, electrically- conductive output lead. First and second interfaces between the electrode and the detector tube are maintained at a predetermined temperature. Means provide the first interface with continuously-flowing, oxygen-containing carrier gas which also contains the sample gas whose concentration is to be measured. An outer, concentric non-porous tube is spaced apart from the central, solid electrolyte inner detector tube, to provide an annulus therebetween. A second inlet tube into the annulus and a second outlet tube from the annulus allow the reference gas to flow through the annulus while substantially eliminating back-diffusion of air into the annulus. A second external solid electrolyte is maintained at the predetermined temperature as first interface. Means bathe the second interface with the reference gas. Means seal the various tubes to provide a sealed unit. Means are for measuring an electrical signal between said electrodes, the electrical signal being directly proportional to the concentration of said sample gas to be determined, thereby to determine the concentration of the sample gas directly as a linear correlation of said electrical signal. These means provide a direct measurement of the amount of CO2, H2O and C, and the measurements are converted to equations which are solved electrically to give the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contents of the gas.

Système permettant de mesurer des concentrations individuelles de composés ou de constituants dans des mélanges solides, liquides ou gazeux à ses fins de détection des gaz. Ce système comprend un tube d'électrolyte solide, central et à extrémité ouverte, comportant un orifice d'entrée de gaz destiné à l'introduction et à l'écoulement continu d'un mélange gazeux contenant le gaz à détecter. Ce tube est composé d'un oxyde d'un élément tétravalent, tel que la zircone, la thorine ou un oxyde d'hafnium, de préférence la zircone, dopée avec un oxyde d'un élément présentant une valence inférieure à quatre, tel que l'yttria, la chaux ou la magnésie, de préférence l'yttria. Une bande électrode interne est prévue autour de la surface interne du tube d'électrolyte solide central, la bande électrode présentant une connexion électrique avec un premier conducteur électrique de sortie. Une électrode externe est prévue sur la surface externe du tube d'électrolyte solide central, cette bande électrode externe présentant une connexion électrique avec un second conducteur électrique. Un tube externe annulaire à extrémite ouverte est disposé de façon concentrique autour du tube central, le tube externe comprenant un orifice d'entrée de gaz destiné à l'introduction et à l'écoulement continu d'un gaz porteur et de référence, et présentant un orifice de sortie de gaz. Le tube annulaire externe est composé d'un matériau solide non conducteur et non poreux, tel que le quartz. Un élément chauffant entoure le tube annulaire externe au niveau de la région des bandes électrodes, afin de maintenir l'interface électrode/électrolyte solide à une température choisie. Un électromètre ou circuit émittodyne, etc. est enfin prévu pour mesurer à la fois les valeurs de tension et de courant provenant des conducteurs de sortie afin de permettre la détection et/ou l'identification, et/ou la mesure de concentrations individuelles du composé, du constituant ou du gaz.

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