Hydrogenation of substrate and products manufactured...

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 11 – C

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C11C 3/12 (2006.01) B01J 3/00 (2006.01) C01B 15/01 (2006.01) C01B 15/029 (2006.01) C07B 35/02 (2006.01) C07B 41/02 (2006.01) C07C 29/149 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2194140

A typical traditional reactor for hydrogenation consists of a tank filled with a liquid and a gas and a small particle catalyst. The reaction is carried out at high pressures and high temperatures. Lack of gas on the catalyst surface limits the velocity of reaction. Much work has been done to increase the quantity of gas on the catalyst. It has not been possible to solve this problem effectively with the techniques of today. According to the invention an extra solvent is added to the reaction mixture. By bringing the whole mixture (solvent, substrate; hydrogen and reaction products) to super-critical or near-critical state, a substantially homogeneous mixture can be obtained. By this method it is possible to control the concentration of gas on the catalyst to the desired level. The velocity of reaction is thereby increased considerably. The hydrogenation reactions principally involved comprise hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds (C = C) in lipids; hydrogenation of COOR to C-OH and HO-R to produce fatty alcohols; and direct hydrogenation of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.

Un réacteur classique type pour l'hydrogénation est constitué d'un réservoir rempli d'un liquide et d'un gaz ainsi que d'un catalyseur en petites particules. La réaction s'effectue à des pressions et à des températures élevées. L'absence de gaz sur la surface du catalyseur limite la vitesse de la réaction. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées pour accroître la quantité de gaz sur le catalyseur. Il n'a pas été possible de résoudre ce problème efficacement avec les techniques actuelles. Selon l'invention, un solvant supplémentaire est ajouté au mélange de réaction. Un mélange sensiblement homogène s'obtient en portant la totalité du mélange (solvant, substrat, hydrogène et produits de réaction) à un état surcritique ou quasi critique. Ce procédé permet de moduler la concentration de gaz sur le catalyseur au niveau souhaité. La vitesse de réaction s'en trouve considérablement accrue. Les réactions d'hydrogénation principalement mises en jeu comprennent l'hydrogénation des liaisons doubles carbone-carbone (C=C) dans les lipides; l'hydrogénation de COOR en C-OH et HO-R pour donner des alcools gras; et l'hydrogénation directe de l'oxygène en peroxyde d'oxygène.

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