Measuring volume flow and area for a dynamic orifice

A - Human Necessities – 61 – B

Patent

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A61B 8/06 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2362628

Techniques are provided for obtaining selected instantaneous area measurements for a dynamic orifice through which blood is flowing in at least one direction, for obtaining instantaneous flow rates of blood passing through such a dynamic orifice and for obtaining flow volume for blood passing through a dynamic orifice. All of these techniques involve ensonifying a thin sample volume of blood flow exiting at the orifice, which volume is in a region of flow which is substantially laminar, such region normally being the vena contracta for the orifice, with an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler signal, receiving backscattered signal from blood within the sample volume and forming a power- velocity spectrum from the received backscattered signal. Techniques are disclosed for assuring that only laminar flow is looked at in forming the power-velocity spectrum. To obtain instantaneous area measurements, the power integral of laminar flow from the spectrum is formed, this power integral being proportional to an instantaneous cross-sectional area of the orifice. For instantaneous flow rates, the instantaneous power-velocity integral is formed from the laminar flow of the spectrum, while flow volume is obtained from the timed integral of the instantaneous flow rate.

Cette invention a trait à des techniques permettant d'obtenir des mesures instantanées d'une superficie choisie d'un orifice dynamique par lequel s'écoule le sang, dans au moins une direction, d'obtenir des débits instantanés du sang passant par cet orifice dynamique ainsi que d'obtenir des débits volumiques du sang traversant un orifice dynamique. Toutes ces techniques consistent à faire résonner, au moyen d'un signal Doppler ultrasonique pulsé, un faible volume échantillon de débit sanguin sortant de l'orifice, lequel volume se trouve dans une zone de flux sensiblement laminaire, cette zone étant habituellement la section contractée de l'orifice, à recevoir un signal rétrodiffusé provenant du sang dans le volume échantillon et à établir un spectre énergie-vitesse à l'aide de ce signal rétrodiffusé. L'invention porte également sur des techniques permettant de veiller à ce que seul le flux laminaire soit observé lors de l'établissement du spectre énergie-vitesse. On établit, pour obtenir des mesures instantanées de superficie, l'intégrale de l'énergie du flux laminaire provenant du spectre, cette intégrale d'énergie étant proportionnelle à une section instantanée de l'orifice. S'agissant des débits instantanés, l'intégrale de l'énergie-vitesse instantanée est établie à l'aide du flux laminaire du spectre, alors que le volume de débit est obtenu à l'aide de l'intégrale temporisée du débit instantané.

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