Method for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 12 – N

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Details

C12N 15/82 (2006.01) C12N 9/02 (2006.01) C12N 9/10 (2006.01) C12P 7/64 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2510462

The present invention relates to an improved process for the specific production of poly-unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and a process for the production of triglycerides having an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids having at least two double bonds and a 20 or 22 carbon atom chain length. The invention relates to the produc-tion of a transgenic organism, preferably a transgenic plant or a transgenic microorganism, hav-ing an increased content of fatty acids, oils or lipids containing C20- or C22- fatty acids with a delta-5, 7, 8, 10 double bond, respectively due to the expression of a delta-8-desaturase and a delta-9- elon-gase from organisms such as plants preferably Algae like Isochrysis galbana or Euglena gracilis. In addition the invention relates to a process for the production of poly unsaturated fatty acids such as Eicosapentaenoic, Arachidonic, Docosapentaenoic or Docosahexaenoic acid through the co- expression of a delta -8-desaturase, a delta-9-elongase and a delta-5 desaturase in organisms such as microorganisms or plants.The invention additionally relates to the use of specific nucleic acid sequences encoding for the aforementioned proteins with delta-8-desaturase-, delta-9-elongase- or delta-5-desaturase-activity, nucleic acid constructs, vectors and organisms containing said nucleic acid sequences. The invention further relates to unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides having an increased content of at least 1 % by weight of unsaturated fatty acids and use thereof.

L'invention concerne un procédé amélioré destiné à la production spécifique d'acide gras .omega.-3 et .omega.-6 polyinsaturés, ainsi qu'un procédé de production de triglycérides possédant une teneur accrue en acides gras insaturés, en particulier des acides gras .omega.-3 et .omega.-6 possédant au moins deux doubles liaisons et une longueur de chaîne de 20 ou 22 atomes de carbone. L'invention concerne également la production d'un organisme transgénique, de préférence une plante transgénique ou un micro-organisme transgénique possédant une teneur accrue en acides gras, huiles ou lipides contenant des acides gras C¿20?- ou C¿22?- avec une double liaison .DELTA.-5, 7, 8, 10 respectivement à cause de l'expression d'une .DELTA.8-désaturase et d'une .DELTA.9-élongase d'organismes tels que des plantes, de préférence des algues telles qu'Isochrysis galbana ou Euglena gracilis. En outre, l'invention concerne un procédé de production d'acides gras polyinsaturés tels qu'acide eicopentanoïque, acide arachidonique, acide docosapentanoïque ou acide docosahexanoïque à travers la co-expression d'une .DELTA.-8-désaturase, d'une .DELTA.-9-élongase et d'une .DELTA.-5 désaturase dans des organismes tels que des microorganismes ou des plantes. L'invention concerne encore l'utilisation de séquences d'acide nucléique spécifiques codant pour les protéines susmentionnées avec une activité de .DELTA.-8-désaturase-, .DELTA.-9-élongase- ou .DELTA.-5-désaturase-, des constructions d'acides nucléiques, des vecteurs et des organismes contenant ces séquences d'acide nucléique. L'invention concerne enfin des acides gras insaturés et des triglycérides possédant une teneur accrue d'au moins 1 % en poids d'acides gras insaturés, ainsi que l'utilisation de ceux-ci.

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