Method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen...

B - Operations – Transporting – 01 – D

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B01D 53/94 (2006.01) B01D 53/90 (2006.01) F01N 3/10 (2006.01) F01N 3/20 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2672859

The invention relates to a method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides using ammonia in exhaust gases of vehicles, whereby solutions of guanidine salts with an ammonia forming potental of between 40 and 850 g/kg, optionally in combination with urea and/or ammonia and/or ammonium salts, are catalytically decomposed in the presence of catalytically active, non-oxidation-active coatings of oxides selected from the group containing titanium dioxide, aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide or the mixtures thereof, and hydrothermally stable zeolites which are fully or partially metal-exchanged. The guanidine salts according to the invention enable a reduction of the nitrogen oxides by approximately 90 %. Furthermore, said guanidine salts can enable an increase in the ammonia forming potential from 0.2 kg, corresponding to prior art, up to 0.4 kg ammonia per litre of guanidine salt, along with freezing resistance (freezing point below -25°C). The risk of corrosion of the guanidine salt solutions used according to the invention is also significantly reduced compared to that of solutions containing ammonium formiate.

L'invention concerne un procédé de réduction catalytique sélective d'oxydes d'azote avec de l'ammoniac dans les gaz d'échappement de véhicules à moteur, selon lequel des solutions de sels de guanidine à potentiel de formation d'ammoniac de 40 à 850 g/kg, éventuellement combinées à de l'urée et/ou de l'ammoniac et/ou des sels d'ammonium, sont décomposées par catalyse en présence de couches, actives par catalyse mais pas par oxydation, à base d'oxydes sélectionnés dans le groupe comprenant du dioxyde de titane, de l'oxyde d'aluminium, du dioxyde de silicium ou des mélanges de ces substances, ainsi que des zéolithes hydrothermiquement stables à substitution métallique complète ou partielle. Les sels de guanidine de l'invention permettent de réduire les oxydes d'azote d'environ 90%, et, en outre, d'augmenter le potentiel de formation d'ammoniac de 0,2 kg, selon l'état de la technique actuelle, jusqu'à 0,4 kg d'ammoniac par litre de sel de guanidine, avec résistance au gel simultanée (point de congélation inférieur à -25°C). Enfin, le risque de corrosion des solutions de sels de guanidine utilisées selon l'invention est sensiblement réduit par rapport à des solutions de formiate d'ammonium.

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