Preparation of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and use...

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 07 – C

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C07C 237/04 (2006.01) C07C 231/12 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2591272

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, in particular denatonium hydroxide, and the use thereof for the preparation of a quaternary ammo nium salt, in particular of denatonium benzoate or a denatonium fatty acid derivative. Due to its extremely bitter taste, this latter compound is applied in the art as an aversive agent, biocide, antifoulant and flavorant. It is usually prepared from a quaternary ammonium halide in an organic environment, which after isolation and purification is converted to a hygroscopic and unstable hydroxide intermediate, which in turn is immediately converted to the salt of interest in the solvent in which it is prepared. It is now found that these isolation steps can be avoided by performing the reaction at aqueous conditions. This is more straightforwardly and does not require costly precaut ions to avoid contact while handling. Moreover, the process of the invention allows to produce the quaternary ammonium salt from a lignocaine compound in a one-pot synthesis involving mostly water.

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un hydroxyde d'ammonium quaternaire, notamment d'un hydroxyde de dénatonium et l'utilisation de ce dernier pour préparer un sel d'ammonium quaternaire, notamment d'un benzoate de dénatonium ou d'un dérivé d'acide gras de dénatonium. Du fait de son goût extrêmement amer, ce dernier composé est utilisé dans l'art en tant qu'agent aversif, biocide, agent antisalissures et agent aromatisant. On le prépare habituellement à partir d'un halogénure d'ammonium quaternaire dans un environnement organique, qui après isolement et purification est transformé en un intermédiaire d'hydroxyde hygroscopique et instable, qui à son tour est converti en sel tel que souhaité, dans le solvant dans lequel il est préparé. On s'est rendu compte que ces étapes d'isolement peuvent être évitées lorsqu'on effectue la réaction dans des conditions aqueuses. Ceci est plus simple et ne requiert pas de précautions coûteuses servant à éviter le contact lors de la manipulation. De plus, le procédé selon l'invention permet de produire le sel d'ammonium quaternaire à partir d'un composé de lignocaïne au moyen d'une synthèse en enceinte unique effectuée avec principalement de l'eau.

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