Process and device for waste pyrolysis and gasification

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 10 – J

Patent

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C10J 3/66 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2380349

A process is disclosed for the pyrolysis and gasification of waste materials, in particular of special and/or hazardous waste materials, comprising a gasification and melting step, a step of treatment of the mixture of the obtained gases, and a vitrification step, wherein said steps provide for the following passages: a) the material to be treated, at a temperature comprised between 1300 and 1500 ~C, is gasified for a lapse of time comprised between 3 and 15 seconds, and melt for a time comprised between 5 and 30 minutes, in total absence of air, obtaining a mixture of combustible gases, non- combustible gases and inert gases, through at least two gasification steps carried out in a sequence, wherein the temperature is maintained constant through the use of at least one thermal lance in any one of the gasification steps; b) the mixture of combustible and non-combustible gases thus obtained is subjected to purification and energy-recovery treatments; c) the inert gases, or inorganic and mineral proportion, are extracted in vitrified state. Further on, a device for carrying out such process is disclosed.

L'invention concerne un procédé de pyrolyse et de gazéification de déchets, en particulier des déchets spéciaux et/ou dangereux. Ledit procédé comprend plusieurs étapes: gazéification et fusion; traitement du mélange de gaz obtenu et vitrification. Ces étapes comprennent notamment: a) le matériau à traiter, à une température située entre 1300 et 1500 ·C, est gazéifié pendant un certain temps, soit entre 3 et 15 secondes, puis fondu pendant 5 à 30 minutes, en absence totale de l'air, produisant ainsi un mélange de gaz combustibles, de gaz non combustibles et de gaz inertes, en au moins deux étapes de gazéification réalisées à la suite. La température demeure constante par le biais de l'utilisation d'au moins une lance thermique dans l'une ou l'autre étape de gazéification; b) le mélange des gaz combustibles et non combustibles obtenus est soumis à des traitements de purification et de récupération de l'énergie; c) les gaz inertes, ou une partie inorganique et minérale, sont extraits à l'état vitrifié. L'invention traite en outre d'un dispositif permettant de réaliser un tel procédé.

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