Process and gas generator for generating fuel gas

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 10 – J

Patent

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Details

C10J 3/66 (2006.01) C10B 49/06 (2006.01) C10B 53/02 (2006.01) C10J 3/14 (2006.01) F02C 3/28 (2006.01) F23G 5/027 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2430999

A process and gas generator is disclosed for generating by dry distillation of solids and gasification of solids, a fuel gas substantially free of condensable dry distillation volatiles which would interfere with the intended use of the gas, e.g. for powering an internal combustion engine.To achieve this, solids beds in distinct dry distillation and gasification zones are maintained under conditions favouring thermal cracking of condensable (tar) volatiles in the hot regions of both zones. For optimal control of these conditions these zones are physically separated by internals within a single reactor vessel and optionally by performing part of the dry distillation (pyrolysis) in a separate reactor vessel, in which case pyrolysis volatiles are fed in counter-current to the dry distillation bed, withdrawn from the top thereof and fed into and through the embers bed of the gasification zone. Thermal cracking of pyrolysis volatiles is prolonged and intensified by the manner in which these volatiles are conducted in intimate contact through the embers bed of the gasification zone in co-current therewith. The embers bed is guided along a progressively constricting pathway, which controls the rate of travel of and the period of residence of the solids bed in the process and generator.

L'invention concerne un procédé et un générateur de gaz destinés à la production par distillation sèche de solides et gazéification de solides d'un gaz de combustion sensiblement exempt de substances volatiles de distillation sèche condensables qui pourraient produire des interférences lors de l'utilisation prévue du gaz, pour alimenter un moteur thermique, par exemple. Ce procédé consiste à maintenir des lits solides situés dans différentes zones de distillation sèche et de gazéification dans des conditions permettant de favoriser le craquage thermique de substances volatiles (goudron) condensables dans les régions chaudes desdites zones. Pour des conditions optimales, on sépare ces zones physiquement par des éléments internes situés dans une cuve à réaction unique et on effectue, éventuellement, une partie de la distillation sèche (pyrolyse) dans une autre cuve à réaction. Dans ce cas, les substances volatiles de pyrolyse sont fournies à contre-courant au lit de distillation sèche, récupérées au-dessus du lit puis envoyées dans le lit de braises de la zone de gazéification. Le craquage thermique des substances volatiles de pyrolyse est prolongé et intensifié de façon que ces substances volatiles soient amenées en contact étroit dans le lit de braises de la zone de gazéification à cocourant. Le lit de braises est guidé le long d'une voie de plus en plus étroite permettant de réguler le débit et le temps de résidence du lit de solides dans le procédé et le générateur.

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