Process for preparing formic acid

Details Process for preparing formic acid Process for preparing formic acid

C - Chemistry, Metallurgy

07

C

C07C 51/00 (2006.01) C07C 51/02 (2006.01) C07C 53/02 (2006.01) C07C 53/06 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2681508

The invention relates to a method for producing formic acid by generating the corresponding ammonium formate by means of catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with hydrogen on a catalyst comprising a metal of groups 8 through 10 of the periodic system, in the presence of a primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amine, and by cleaving the ammonium formate by heating it in formic acid and the amine, characterized in that the primary, secondary, or tertiary amine is selected from the amines of formula I or the mixtures thereof, R1 through R3 being identical or different and being hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloaliphatic radicals having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, aryl radicals and/or aryl alkyl radicals, at least one of the radicals R1 to R3 carrying a hydroxyl group, and that said hydrogenation is performed in a solvent having a boiling point of >=105°C at normal pressure, and that the formic acid is obtained in the hydrogenation reaction mixture comprising the high-boiling solvent by thermal cleavage of the ammonium formate and distillation of the formic acid.

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'acide formique, suivant lequel on produit le formiate d'ammonium correspondant par hydrogénation catalytique de dioxyde de carbone avec de l'hydrogène sur un catalyseur qui contient un métal des groupes 8 à 10 de la classification périodique, en présence d'une amine primaire, secondaire et/ou tertiaire, et l'on sépare le formiate d'ammonium par chauffage en acide formique et en amine. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'amine primaire, secondaire ou tertiaire est choisie parmi les amines de formule I ou leurs mélanges, où R1 à R3 sont identiques ou différents et signifient hydrogène, des restes alkyle linéaires ou ramifiés ayant 1 à 18 atomes de carbone, des restes cycloaliphatiques ayant 5 à 7 atomes de carbone, des restes aryle et/ou des restes arylalkyle et au moins l'un des restes R1 à R3 porte un groupe hydroxyle, et l'on réalise l'hydrogénation dans un solvant qui présente un point d'ébullition >= 105 °C à la pression normale, et l'on obtient l'acide formique dans le mélange réactionnel de l'hydrogénation, contenant le solvant à point d'ébullition élevé, par clivage thermique du formiate d'ammonium et séparation de l'acide formique par distillation.

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