C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 10 – G
Patent
C - Chemistry, Metallurgy
10
G
C10G 1/02 (2006.01)
Patent
CA 2311738
A fluidized bed retort process is invented for retorting hydrocarbon containing materials such as oil shale, tar sands, coal and hydrocarbon containing soils. having particle diameter of about 7 mm and smaller. A mixture of steam, off-gas and carbon dioxide is used as the heat source and the fluidizing lift gas, and recycled in the process. Hot steam, off-gas and carbon dioxide mixture rapidly increases the temperature of raw particles in the fluidized bed retort, liberates the hydrocarbons with minimal uncontrolled thermal cracking reactions. which increases the recovery efficiency and quality of condensable hydrocarbons. The effluent of the fluidized bed retort, which is composed of steam, off-gas, carbon dioxide, liberated hydrocarbons and solid particles, is dedusted using a cyclone. The cyclone overflow is cooled using a series of heat exchangers, compressed if needed to increase the condensable hydrocarbons yield. The condensed hydrocarbons are separated by using a coalescer followed by an electrostatic precipitator, and, the mixture of steam, off-gas and carbon dioxide is heated using a series of heat exchangers and recycled to the retort as the heat source and fluidizing lift gas. The condensed hydrocarbons are upgraded to synthetic crude oil or marketable products using fractionation. catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic hydrocracking, two step non- catalytic and/or catalytic hydrotreating or coking followed by catalytic hydrogenation processes. A fraction of the steam, off-gas and carbon dioxide mixture is fed to a catalytic fixed bed combustor, at elevated pressures if the cyclone overflow is compressed, to generate heat by combusting its off-gas content using air or pure oxygen as the oxidant. The cyclone underflow, which is the spent ore containing coke and residual hydrocarbons, is fed to a fluidized bed combustor to generate heat by combusting its carbon content using air as the oxidant. The latent heats of the hot combusted spent ore and combustion flue gas generated by the combustion of the spent ore are recovered using a series of heat exchangers and using quench water. Cooled combusted spent ore is transported in the form of a paste, using a pipe-line transportation system, back to the mine site for land reclamation.
Na
Rathborne Prescott H.
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