Varistors based on nanocrystalline powders produced by...

H - Electricity – 01 – C

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H01C 7/112 (2006.01) H01C 17/065 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2299167

The invention concerns novel varistors based on zinc oxide and a method for making same, which consists in using as base products nanocrystalline powders obtained by high-intensity mechanical grinding and in subjecting the mixture resulting from said nanocrystalline powders a consolidating treatment such as sintering, in suitably selected temperature and time conditions so as to retain the smallest possible grain size of ZnO. The resulting varistors have a very fine homogeneous microstructure and an average grain size characteristically not more than 3 µm, i.e. five times smaller than standard materials. Said novel varistors have a larger number of grain boundaries per length unit and therefore a much higher breakdown voltage. Said voltage is characteristically higher than 10 kV/cm and can reach 17 kV/cm which is almost one order of magnitude above the breakdown voltage of standard varistors. The non-linearity coefficient of the current-voltage curve is also improved, and is greater than 20 and can reach values as high as 60. Moreover, the leakage currents below the breakdown voltage of said varistors, are much weaker.

L'invention concerne de nouvelles varistances à base d'oxyde de zinc ainsi qu'une méthode de fabrication de celle-ci, dans laquelle on utilise comme produits de départ des poudres nanocristallines obtenues par broyage mécanique intense et on fait subir au mélange obtenu à partir de ces poudres nanocristallines un traitement de consolidation tel qu'un frittage, dans des conditions de température et de temps adéquatement choisies de façon à conserver la plus petite taille possible de grains de ZnO. Les varistances ainsi obtenues ont une microstructure très fine, homogène et une taille moyenne des grains typiquement inférieure ou égale a 3 µm, ce qui est cinq fois plus petit que la taille de grains des matériaux conventionnels. Ces nouvelles varistances ont un plus grand nombre de joints de grain par unité de longueur et donc une tension de claquage beaucoup plus élevée. Cette tension est typiquement supérieure à 10 kV/cm et peut atteindre 17 kV/cm ce qui est presqu'un ordre de grandeur au dessus de la tension de claquage des varistances conventionnelles. Le coefficient de non-linéarité de la courbe de courant-tension est aussi amélioré. Il est supérieur à 20 et peut atteindre des valeurs aussi élevées que 60. En outre, les courants de fuite en dessous de la tension de claquage des varistances ainsi produites, sont plus faibles.

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