Cardiac valvular support prosthesis

A - Human Necessities – 61 – F

Patent

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Details

A61F 2/24 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 2195619

The invention is concerned with a support prosthesis for a natural human heart valve having an annulus of generally oval configuration with a major axis and a minor axis and at least two leaflets stemming from the annulus and each moving along a naturally pre-ordained path during systolic contraction or diastolic expansion. The support prosthesis according to the invention consists of an oblong, annular flexible member of a size and shape to fit against the annulus, the member having a longitudinal axis and being made of a biocompatible material exhibiting elasticity only along the longitudinal axis so as to permit dilatation of the annulus along the major axis thereof, in response to heamodynamic and functional changes, while preventing dilatation of said annulus along the minor axis thereof so that the path along which each said leaflet travels remains unaltered. Because of its pliable nature, the support prosthesis of the invention does not produce a systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The use of such a support prosthesis prevents dilatation of the annulus along its minor axis and thereby prevents non-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves during systolic contraction. During diastolic expansion, the annulus can dilate along its major axis in response to the increased blood flow and pressure in different physiological and pathological states.

La présente invention porte sur une prothèse de soutien pour une valvule cardiaque naturelle humaine. Elle comprend un anneau de forme généralement ovale ayant un grand axe et un petit axe et au moins deux valves sortant de l'anneau qui, chacune, se déplacent le long d'une trajectoire naturellement prévue pendant la contraction systolique ou l'expansion diastolique. La prothèse de soutien décrite dans l'invention consiste en un élément annulaire souple de forme oblongue, dont la taille et la forme sont adaptées à l'anneau; cet élément a un axe longitudinal et est fait d'un matériau biocompatible élastique seulement le long de l'axe longitudinal, de manière à permettre la dilatation de l'anneau le long du grand axe, en réponse à des modifications hémodynamiques et fonctionnelles, tout en empêchant la dilatation dudit anneau le long du petit axe, de façon que la trajectoire le long de laquelle chacune desdites valves se déplacent demeure inchangée. En raison de sa souplesse, la prothèse de soutien de l'invention ne produit pas de mouvement systolique antérieur de la valvule mitrale. L'utilisation de cette prothèse de soutien empêche la dilatation de l'anneau le long de son petit axe, empêchant du même coup la non-fermeture des valvules mitrale et tricuspide pendant la contraction systolique. Pendant l'expansion diastolique, l'anneau peut se dilater le long de son grand axe en réponse à l'augmentation du débit sanguin et de la pression dans différents états physiologiques et pathologiques.

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