Proton-exchange method of forming optical waveguides

C - Chemistry – Metallurgy – 03 – C

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C03C 21/00 (2006.01) G02B 6/12 (2006.01) G02B 6/134 (2006.01)

Patent

CA 1324261

- 9 - PROTON- EXCHANGE METHOD OF FORMING OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES Abstract A proton-exchange method of forming optical waveguides within a lithium-based optical substrate is disclosed which utilizes sulfuric acid as theproton source. The substrate is masked to expose the areas desired to be transformed into waveguiding regions and immersed in a heated sulfuric acid bathfor a period of time sufficient to provide the exchange between the protons in the acid and the lithium in the substrate. The presence of the protons in the substrate results in increasing the extraordinary refractive index .DELTA.nc in the unmasked area so that optical guiding may be accomplished. Upon removal of the substrate from the sulfuric acid bath, the substrate must be annealed so as to drive the protons to a depth sufficient to provide effective guiding.

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